Climate & Atmosphere
The most consequential data on Earth's changing atmosphere. Every number sourced from primary scientific institutions. No political framing — just physics.
NOAA GML Mauna LoaNASA GISS GISTEMP v4NOAA SWPC SolarOpen-Meteo Climate APICopernicus C3S
Scientific consensus (97%+ peer-reviewed): Current warming is primarily human-caused. CO₂ is now higher than at any point in the last 3 million years. Every 0.1°C of warming prevented matters.
Atmospheric CO₂
—
ppm · Mauna Loa
Highest in 3M years · pre-industrial: 280
Warming vs Pre-Industrial
+1.2°C
NASA GISS 2023 mean
Paris target: +1.5°C limit
Annual CO₂ Rise
+2.4
ppm/year average
Accelerating since 1960
Sea Level Rise
+3.6
mm/year since 1993
Accelerating · satellite altimetry
Atmospheric CO₂ — Keeling Curve 1958–Now
Weekly mean from Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii (3,397m altitude). The most important number humans measure.
NOAA GML · Scripps Institution of Oceanography · LIVE
What the data shows
315 ppm in 1958 → 422 ppm now. The seasonal oscillation is plants breathing; the upward trend is fossil fuels. Rate of increase itself is accelerating.Reason for evidence-based hope
Every country that invested in clean energy saw emissions fall. Solar cost down 90% in 10 years. The physics works in our favor: stop emitting, warming stops within decades.Global Temperature Anomaly — NASA GISS 1880–2023
Departure from 1951–1980 baseline. Based on 6,300+ weather stations + ocean buoys + satellite data.
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies · GISTEMP v4 · LIVE
Solar Irradiance & Activity
Solar wind speed — distinguishing solar vs human forcing
NOAA SWPC · 2-min plasma data
Kp Geomagnetic Index
Space weather — affects satellites, power grids, auroras
NOAA SWPC · 1-min data
IMF Bz Component
Southward IMF drives geomagnetic storms
NOAA SWPC magnetometer
Air Quality
Air pollution kills 7 million people annually — more than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined. This is one of the most underreported global health crises.
OpenAQ v2WAQI World Air Quality IndexWHO Global Air Quality Guidelines
WHO AQI Safe Limit
15
μg/m³ PM2.5 annual mean
Most cities exceed this
Deaths from Air Pollution
7M
per year globally
WHO 2023 estimate
Delhi AQI
—
live PM2.5
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Beijing AQI
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live PM2.5
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London AQI
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live PM2.5
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Live Air Quality — Global Cities
PM2.5 concentration μg/m³. WHO guideline: 15 μg/m³ annual mean. Above 25: unhealthy.
OpenAQ API v2 · LIVE
Air Quality Index Categories
Cities by AQI bracket — WHO 2021 guidelines
OpenAQ · WAQI
Critical fact
India and Pakistan have 9 of the world's 10 most polluted cities. 99% of the world's population breathes air exceeding WHO limits. This kills more than smoking in South Asia.Evidence-based progress
China's PM2.5 in Beijing fell 42% from 2013–2022 through strict coal restrictions. Proof that policy works. Clean air laws in the US and EU have saved millions of lives since 1970.Global Weather
Real-time weather from 50,000+ stations worldwide. Open-Meteo uses ECMWF, GFS, and ICON models — the same models used by national weather services.
Open-Meteo Forecast APIOpen-Meteo Historical API (1940+)Open-Meteo Climate Projections
Indore, India
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New York, USA
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London, UK
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Tokyo, Japan
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Temperature Comparison — 12 Cities Live
Current temperature °C across major world cities
Open-Meteo API · ECMWF model · LIVE
7-Day Forecast — Indore
Max/min temperature, precipitation probability
Open-Meteo · GFS + ICON ensemble
Geophysics — Earthquakes & Volcanoes
Earth's crust in motion. USGS monitors thousands of seismometers globally, detecting every tremor in real time.
USGS Earthquake HazardsUSGS GeoJSON FeedNOAA Tsunami DatabaseNOAA Volcano Database
M5+ Last 24h
—
significant earthquakes
M5+ Last 7 Days
—
from USGS live feed
Strongest (7 days)
—
magnitude
Major Tsunamis (DB)
2,400+
NOAA historical record
M5+ Earthquakes — Last 7 Days
Circle size = magnitude. Red = M7+. Real-time USGS feed.
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program · LIVE GeoJSON
Earthquake Depth Distribution
Shallow (<70km) most destructive. Deep quakes less damaging at surface.
USGS
Magnitude Frequency
Gutenberg–Richter law: each unit ≈ 10× more events
Recent Significant Earthquakes
USGS · updated continuously
| Time UTC | Location | Mag | Depth | Alert |
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Oceans
Oceans cover 71% of Earth, absorb 90% of excess heat, and 25% of CO₂. They are the planet's climate buffer — and they are changing.
NOAA Tides & CurrentsWorld Bank Ocean IndicatorsNOAA Sea Level Trends
Ocean Heat Content
Record
2023 highest ever recorded
↑ accelerating since 2000
Sea Level Rise (satellite)
+100mm
since 1993 · NASA TOPEX/Jason
+3.6 mm/year, accelerating
Ocean Acidification
pH 8.08
vs 8.2 pre-industrial
30% more acidic (log scale)
Coral Reef Area Lost
50%
since 1950s globally
Great Barrier Reef: 3 mass bleaching
Sea Level Rise — Tide Gauges & Satellite 1900–2023
Global mean sea level anomaly in mm. Pre-1993: tide gauges. Post-1993: satellite altimetry (more precise).
NOAA Tides & Currents · NASA/CNES TOPEX · Jason-1/2/3
What the data shows
Sea level has risen ~20cm since 1900. The rate is accelerating: was 1.4mm/year in 1900s, now 3.6mm/year. At current trajectory, 1 billion people in low-elevation coastal zones face risk by 2100.Physics gives us agency
Every ton of CO₂ we don't emit is warming and sea level we avoid. Decarbonizing by 2050 (feasible with current technology) limits rise to ~0.5m vs 1–2m under business-as-usual.Ocean Temperature Anomaly — NOAA
Global sea surface temperature departure from 20th century average
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
Biodiversity
We are in Earth's sixth mass extinction — the first caused by one species. Species are disappearing 100–1,000× faster than natural background rates. This is data, not opinion.
GBIF Global BiodiversityIUCN Red List APIiNaturalist APIOcean Biogeographic OBIS
Species Assessed (IUCN)
157,000+
Red List species evaluated
Threatened Species
44,000+
at risk of extinction
28% of assessed species
Critically Endangered
8,400+
facing imminent extinction
GBIF Observations
2.3B+
species occurrence records
Open data for science
IUCN Red List — Threatened Species by Group
% of assessed species at risk. Amphibians are hardest hit — chytrid fungus + habitat loss.
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023
Critical context
The current extinction rate is estimated at 100–1,000× the natural background rate. At this pace, we may lose 75% of all species within 300 years — comparable to the mass extinction that killed the dinosaurs.Conservation works
Protected areas covering 17% of land have measurably slowed extinction rates where enforced. Rewilding projects in Europe have returned wolves, bison, and lynx. Species removed from endangered lists: 54 in the last decade.GBIF Observations — Biodiversity Hotspots
Species occurrence records density worldwide
Global Biodiversity Information Facility · 2.3B+ records
Recent iNaturalist Observations — Research Grade
Citizen science species sightings — verified by community experts
iNaturalist API · research-grade only
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Fire & Land Cover
Wildfires are becoming more frequent, intense, and widespread due to climate change. NASA's FIRMS system detects active fires globally using MODIS and VIIRS satellite instruments.
NASA FIRMS MODIS/VIIRSWorld Bank Forest AreaGlobal Forest Watch
Global Forest Loss/Year
4.7M ha
net loss annually
Area of Denmark, every year
Amazon Deforestation
↑ Crisis
worst decade 2010–2020
Brazil: 60% reduction 2023
Forest Area (World Bank)
—
% of land area
Tree Cover Loss 2023
Record
Global Forest Watch estimate
Fires + logging + clearing
Global Forest Area — World Bank 1990–2022
% of total land area covered by forest. Deforestation is a major driver of species loss and CO₂ emissions.
World Bank · AG.LND.FRST.ZS · FAO Forest Resource Assessment
Amazon Forest Loss — Brazil
Annual deforestation km² in Brazilian Amazon. Policy effects visible: dramatic reduction under enforcement.
World Bank · INPE Brazil National Space Research Institute
Policy makes a difference
Brazil cut Amazon deforestation by 80% between 2005 and 2012 through enforcement and monitoring. Then it reversed. Then reversed again in 2023. This is the clearest example that deforestation is a political choice, not inevitable.Why this matters
Forests store 400 billion tonnes of carbon. Releasing even 10% would overwhelm all human CO₂ reduction efforts for decades. The Amazon is also approaching a tipping point — 20–25% deforestation may trigger irreversible dieback.Space & ISS
Live data from Earth orbit and beyond. The International Space Station is the most complex structure ever built — permanently crewed since 2000.
wheretheiss.atOpen Notify CrewNASA DONKICelesTrak NORADNASA EPIC DSCOVR
ISS Altitude
—
km above Earth · live
Orbital Speed
—
km/h · 17 orbits/day
Crew on ISS
—
humans in orbit
Tracked Objects
—
NORAD catalog · CelesTrak
ISS Ground Track — Live Position
60-point history trail. ISS completes an orbit every 92 minutes at 27,600 km/h.
wheretheiss.at · Open Notify · LIVE 5s refresh
Humans Currently in Space
Open Notify API · live
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Solar Events — NASA DONKI 7 days
CME · Flares · Geomagnetic Storms
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Astronomy & Planetary Science
From near-Earth asteroids to confirmed exoplanets to the JPL solar system ephemeris — the universe measured and catalogued.
NASA NeoWs AsteroidsNASA Exoplanet Archive TAPNASA JPL HorizonsNASA APODThe Space Devs Launch Library
NEO Approaches Today
—
near-Earth objects
Potentially Hazardous
—
PHA today
Confirmed Exoplanets
—
NASA Exoplanet Archive
In Habitable Zone
60+
potentially Earth-like
Near-Earth Objects — Today's Approaches
Miss distance vs velocity. Size = estimated diameter. Red = potentially hazardous.
NASA Center for Near Earth Object Studies · NeoWs API
Exoplanet Discoveries by Year & Method
Each detection method reveals different planets. Transit = Kepler/TESS. Radial velocity = ground-based.
NASA Exoplanet Archive · TAP/ADQL query
NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day
NASA APOD API · updates daily
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Global Health & Mortality
The greatest reduction in human suffering in history happened in the last 100 years, almost entirely through public health and medicine. The remaining problems are solvable — but not yet solved.
World Bank Health APIWHO GHO APIdisease.sh COVIDPubMed NCBI
Global Life Expectancy
72.8 yr
vs 46 years in 1950
+26 years in 70 years
Child Mortality U5
—
deaths per 1,000 births
↓ from 93 in 1990
Maternal Mortality
223
per 100,000 births global
↓ 34% since 2000
Vaccine Coverage (DTP3)
84%
global immunization rate
Saves 4M lives/year
Life Expectancy — World & Regions 1960–2022
Rich–poor convergence: the most hopeful long-run trend in human development.
World Bank · SP.DYN.LE00.IN · LIVE API
Child Mortality Rate — Under 5
Deaths per 1,000 live births. The most sensitive indicator of a society's health system.
World Bank · SH.DYN.MORT · LIVE API
COVID-19 Global · disease.sh
Top countries by total cases — for context and perspective
disease.sh API · Johns Hopkins University data
Leading Causes of Death — WHO
Verified WHO data. Non-communicable diseases now dominate globally.
WHO Global Health Estimates 2020
Poverty & Wealth
Extreme poverty has fallen faster than at any point in recorded history. 700 million people still live in it. Both facts are true simultaneously — and both matter.
World Bank Poverty & Inequality PlatformIMF DataMapper APIWorld Bank GDP indicators
In Extreme Poverty
~700M
below $2.15/day PPP 2017
↓ from 1.9B in 1990
Global Poverty Rate
~9%
of world population
vs 36% in 1990
Sub-Saharan Africa
35%
in extreme poverty
Progress slowest here
Billionaires' Wealth
$13T
vs $1.4T GDP of Africa
Inequality rising globally
Extreme Poverty Rate by Region — 1990 to 2022
% living below $2.15/day. East Asia's decline (driven by China) is the most remarkable poverty reduction in history.
World Bank Poverty & Inequality Platform · verified historical data
GDP per Capita — Major Economies
Constant 2017 PPP dollars. China's growth curve is historically unprecedented.
World Bank · NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.KD · LIVE API
Population & Demographics
8 billion humans. Peak population is projected ~10.4 billion around 2080–2100. Fertility rates are falling in every region. This is the most predictable long-run global trend.
World Bank Population APIUN World Population Prospects 2022World Bank Fertility Rate
World Population
8.1B
2024 estimate
+0.9%/year
UN 2050 Projection
9.7B
medium variant
range: 9.3B–10.2B
Global Fertility Rate
2.3
children per woman
↓ from 5.1 in 1963
Urbanisation
57%
now live in cities
↑ from 30% in 1950
World Population Growth 1960–2023
Total and annual growth rate. The "population explosion" is slowing — driven by education and development, not coercion.
World Bank · SP.POP.TOTL · LIVE API
Total Fertility Rate by Region
Children per woman. Replacement rate = 2.1. Sub-Saharan Africa still above 4, but declining.
World Bank · SP.DYN.TFRT.IN · LIVE API
Food & Hunger
We produce enough food to feed everyone. 733 million people are hungry. The problem is distribution, purchasing power, and conflict — not production capacity.
FAO Food Security IndicatorsWorld Bank MalnutritionWorld Bank Agricultural Land
People Undernourished
733M
2023 FAO estimate
↑ from 615M in 2019 (COVID)
Share Undernourished
9.2%
of world population
Progress stalled since 2015
Stunted Children
149M
under 5 years
↓ 26% since 2000
Food Wasted
30%
of all food produced
Could feed all hungry twice
Undernourishment — Regional Trends 1990–2023
% undernourished. Progress was remarkable until 2015 — then COVID, conflict, and climate reversed gains.
FAO State of Food Security · World Bank · SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS
Cereal Yield — Agricultural Productivity
kg per hectare. Green Revolution and subsequent research tripled yields since 1960 — feeding 2× more people from same land.
World Bank · AG.YLD.CREL.KG · LIVE API
Energy Transition
The most important industrial transition in human history is underway. Solar costs fell 90% in 10 years. 733 million still lack electricity. Both are true.
World Bank Energy AccessWorld Bank RenewablesWorld Bank CO₂ Emissions
Fossil Fuel Share (Energy)
80%
of global primary energy
Must reach ~20% by 2050
Renewable Electricity
29%
of global electricity
↑ from 19% in 2010
Solar Cost Reduction
−90%
since 2010 · LCOE
Fastest technology cost drop ever
Without Electricity
733M
people · mostly Sub-Saharan Africa
96% of global deficit here
Renewable Electricity Share — Key Countries
% of electricity from renewable sources. Leaders: Norway (99%), Iceland (100%), Denmark (80%+).
World Bank · EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS · LIVE API
CO₂ Emissions per Capita
Tonnes CO₂ per person per year. Historical emissions matter as much as current rates.
World Bank · EN.ATM.CO2E.PC · LIVE API
Global Economics
GDP, trade, inflation, and currency data from the world's most trusted institutions. Economic data is imperfect — limitations noted throughout.
World Bank GDP All CountriesIMF DataMapperFrankfurter ECB ForexWorld Bank TradeOECD Statistics
World GDP
$105T
2023 nominal USD
Adjusted for purchasing power: $165T
Fastest Growing (5yr avg)
Ethiopia
~7.5%/year average
Global Trade / GDP
57%
World Bank 2022
↓ from 61% peak 2008
EUR/USD (live)
—
ECB via Frankfurter API
GDP Growth Rate — G20 Nations
Annual % growth, latest available. World Bank data has 1–2 year lag; shown with year label.
World Bank · NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG · LIVE API
Forex Rates · ECB via Frankfurter
EUR base exchange rates. Log scale used due to JPY/KRW magnitude difference.
European Central Bank · Frankfurter API · LIVE
Research & Knowledge
The pace of scientific discovery is accelerating. 2 million papers published annually on arXiv alone. Knowledge, once created, compounds.
arXiv API (8 categories)PubMed NCBI EntrezSemantic ScholarCrossRefOpenAlexNobel Prize API
Latest arXiv Preprints — Today
cs.AI · cs.LG · astro-ph · quant-ph · physics · math · q-bio · stat.ML
arXiv.org API · updated daily
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Submissions by Category
arXiv API
Nobel Prizes by Field
Nobel Prize API
PubMed — Recent Biomedical Preprints
NCBI E-utilities API · real publications
PubMed / NCBI Entrez API
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OpenAlex — Trending Research Topics
Most cited works — Open academic graph, 250M+ papers
OpenAlex API
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Transport & Mobility
Aviation is the most visible network of human globalisation — 100,000+ flights daily. OpenSky Network uses ADS-B transponders from a volunteer network of receivers.
OpenSky Network ADS-BOpenStreetMap Nominatim
Live Tracked Flights
—
OpenSky ADS-B network
Avg Ground Speed
—
knots (tracked flights)
Aviation CO₂
2.5%
of global CO₂ emissions
2.4% in 2019, recovering post-COVID
Air Passengers 2023
4.3B
annually · ICAO estimate
Near pre-COVID levels
Live Flight Altitude Distribution
Histogram of aircraft altitudes. Cruising: 30,000–40,000 ft. Clustering shows standard flight levels.
OpenSky Network · ADS-B transponders · LIVE
Flight Speed Distribution
Ground speed in knots. Commercial jets: 450–550 knots. Slow aircraft: training/propeller.
OpenSky Network · LIVE